How Does a Disc in Your Back Become Herniated?

It's easy to take the spine for granted until something goes wrong — like a herniated disc.

At Steel City Spine and Orthopedic Center, with offices in Western Pennsylvania and South Florida, our expert team led by Dr. Jocelyn Idema provides state-of-the-art spine and orthopedic care for a range of spinal conditions, including herniated discs.

Spinal anatomy

The spine supports and gives structure to the body, protects the spinal cord, and allows for flexibility so we can move and bend in various ways.

It consists of 24 bones called vertebrae stacked one on another, running from the bottom of the skull to the tailbone. Soft, gel-like cushions or discs sit between each vertebrae, acting as a buffer to absorb pressure and prevent the bones from rubbing together.

A herniated disc occurs when a cushion tears or leaks, leading to increased pressure on the spinal cord and irritation of the spinal nerves.

Herniated disc causes

Over 3 million people in the United States experience a herniated disc each year, making it a leading cause of pain in the neck, back, and legs. A herniated disc can occur anywhere along the spine but most frequently affects the neck or lower back.

Herniated discs most often result from wear-and-tear due to aging. As people get older, their vertebral discs become less flexible and more susceptible to tearing or rupturing, even with minimal movements.

Actions like lifting something heavy using the back muscles instead of the legs can cause a herniated disc. Similarly, twisting or turning while lifting an object can also cause a problem.

Rarely, getting hit in the back or falling can result in a disc issue. Many people suffer this injury without knowing how it happened.

Individuals who are overweight, smoke, or are sedentary can be at greater risk of a herniated disc. Those whose jobs involve driving for long periods or repetitive lifting, twisting, and bending motions can also have a higher chance. Genetics can play a role as well.

Symptoms

A herniated disc in the neck can cause pain, weakness, tingling, and numbness radiating into the arms and down to the fingers. When the lower back is affected, these sensations occur in the buttocks, thigh, calf, and sometimes the foot.

Treatment

Conservative treatments often can address a herniated disc. These include:

Medications such as anti-inflammatories
Steroid injections
Physical therapy

For people who don't respond to these measures, we might recommend surgery.

If you're experiencing neck or back pain, a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan give you the best chance of a fast and full recovery. We can help. Call the Steel City Spine and Orthopedic Center office near you today.